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1.
Rev. CEFAC ; 24(2): e4522, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406683

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate possible ototoxicity secondary to exposure to a combination of pesticides (dichlorvos and cypermethrin based insecticides). Methods: the Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (12 animals per group): control (water), positive control for hearing damage (cisplatin) and experimental (exposed to dichlorvos and cypermethrin). The amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions was assessed before and after the exposure. Systemic toxicity signs were also evaluated (clinical signs, weight gain and plasma cholinesterase). Wilcoxon test analyzed the post-exposure amplitudes compared to pre-exposure and Kruskal Wallis following Dunn's post hoc tests analyzed the amplitudes' variation. Normally distributed variables were evaluated by Student's t test. Results: body weight and plasma cholinesterase values were similar comparing the pre and post exposure in the experimental group. The control group did not manifest significant amplitude reduction of otoacoustic emissions between the pre and post evaluation. In the group exposed to cisplatin there was a significant reduction in amplitudes at 12 kHz on the right (p = 0.006; Wilcoxon) and 4 kHz on the left (p = 0.032; Wilcoxon). In the group exposed to pesticides, there was a significant reduction in the right ear at 4 kHz (p = 0.034; Wilcoxon) and 8 kHz (p = 0.019; Wilcoxon) and in the left ear at 4 kHz (p = 0.007; Wilcoxon), 6 kHz (p = 0.023; Wilcoxon), 8 kHz (p = 0.045; Wilcoxon) and 12 kHz (p = 0.028; Wilcoxon). Conclusion: there was ototoxicity in the experimental group, without a relevant systemic toxicity.

2.
Rev. CEFAC ; 19(3): 417-428, mai.-jun. 2017. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-896458

RESUMO

RESUMO O objetivo dessa revisão é delinear os modelos animais viáveis para a pesquisa pré-clínica auditiva, considerando suas características anatômicas, fisiológicas, vantagens e desvantagens. Foram consultadas as bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed e Periódicos Capes, utilizando descritores envolvendo audição, testes auditivos e espécies animais, individualmente e cruzados entre si. Foram lidos os resumos dos artigos encontrados nas bases de dados, com posterior seleção baseada nos critérios: artigos disponíveis em sua integridade, uso de modelos animais em procedimentos audiológicos que incluísse a descrição dos métodos de avaliação, as vantagens e/ou desvantagens do uso da espécie, publicados entre 1995 e 2016. Apesar da existência de modelos alternativos, os mamíferos são ainda amplamente utilizados em pesquisa. Constatou-se que os ratos, camundongos e cobaios são frequentemente utilizados e, além destes, ovelhas, coelhos e chinchilas. Os métodos para avaliação auditiva contemplam principalmente emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção, potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico e avaliação histológica, principalmente em roedores. A escolha do animal de experimentação para avaliação do sistema auditivo depende de fatores anatômicos, fisiológicos, econômicos, espaciais, psicossociais e do objetivo da avaliação.


ABSTRACT This review aims to outline which animal models are viable for preclinical hearing research, considering their anatomical and physiological characteristics, and their advantages and disadvantages of use. PubMed, Scielo, and Portal Periodicos Capes were consulted, using descriptors concerning hearing, hearing tests and animal species, individually and crossed with each other. The abstracts of the articles found in the databases were read, with subsequent selection based on the following criteria: free articles, use of animal models in audiological procedures that included the description of the evaluation methods, the advantages and/or disadvantages of using the species, and published between 1995 and 2016. Despite the existence of alternative models, mammals are still widely used in research. It has been found that rats, mice and guinea pigs are frequently used, and, in addition to these, sheep, rabbits and chinchillas. The methods for auditory evaluation mainly comprise distortion product otoacoustic emissions, brainstem auditory evoked potential and histological evaluation, especially in rodents. Choosing the experimental animal to evaluate the auditory system depends on anatomical, physiological, economic, spatial and psychosocial factors, and on the evaluation's objective.

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